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History of Canadian sports
The History of Canadian sports falls into five stages of development: early recreational activities before 1840; the start of organized competition, 1840-1880; the emergence of national organizations, 1882-1914; the rapid growth of both amateur and professional sports, 1914 to 1960; and developments of the last half-century.〔Barbara Schrodt, "Problems of Periodization in Canadian Sport History," ''Canadian Journal of History of Sport'' (1990) 21#1 pp 65-76.〕 Some sports, especially hockey, lacrosse and curling enjoy an international reputation as particularly Canadian.〔Heather Mair, "(Curling in Canada: From Gathering Place to International Spectacle )," ''International Journal of Canadian Studies'' (2007), Issue 35, pp 39-60〕
Canadian sports attract large numbers of participants and huge audiences; hockey, played by 1.4 million Canadians, has become part of the national identity. Team sports often involved informal gambling. More formal bigger-stakes wagering and prize competitions were characteristic especially of horse racing and boxing. In the 21st century the major team sports are hockey, baseball, softball, football, and basketball. Women, once shunted aside, are now actively competing in most of these sports; the nation celebrated the medal performance of its Olympic athletes. As in many modern nations the challenges faced by sports in recent decades include violence, racism, illegal drug therapies, ridicule of women, the increasingly disproportionate salaries of professional athletes, and the soaring cost of the newest model stadiums . Such problems stand in contrast to the fundamental values of sports including personal health, teamwork, striving for responsibility, loyalty, equality, winning, pleasure, and freedom.
Individual sports have long been important, including skating, skiing, golf, paddling, swimming, and track and field; in recent years there has been a surge of interest in more "extreme" sports such as snowboarding, rollerblading and mountain climbing, not to mention personal athletic training
==Origins==
Immigrants brought along their favourite sports, often adapting them to the snowy environment. The influence of the games of the First Nations can be seen especially in the evolution of lacrosse. British officers, soldiers, and royal officials, and indeed ordinary British immigrants as well, transplanted such games as football, rugby, curling, and cricket; sailors brought rowing competitions. Britons considered these sports to be conducive to relieving boredom on remote outposts, and more generally produced team spirit, good health, hardiness, and manliness; they were a sophisticated alternative to "blood sports", such as cockfighting, bullfighting or bear baiting.〔Morrow and Kevin B. Wamsley, ''Sport in Canada: A History'' (2005) ch 2〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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